Monday, April 23, 2012

Airbags



Airbags save lives in car crashes but there is science behind that is involved in order for the airbags to work properly. The science that is involved is called the law of motion. According to the article How Airbags Work states this about the law of motion in air bags " First, we know that moving objects have momentum (the product of the mass and the velocity of an object). Unless an outside force acts on an object, the object will continue to move at its present speed and direction. Cars consist of several objects, including the vehicle itself, loose objects in the car and, of course, passengers. If these objects are not restrained, they will continue moving at whatever speed the car is traveling at, even if the car is stopped by a collision.", explaining how the law of motion is used in order for the airbags to work. 
Another science that is involved in airbags is the gas laws. Some of the gas laws are Boyle's gas law , Charles's Law , and Avogadro's Law.  The gas law that is involved is Charles's Law because when the temperature of the nitrogen gas increase so does the volume thus inflating the airbag. The link above of the article How Airbags Work gives more information of how the airbags and how it is a safety device in car. Here is a link to a video that will show how an airbag will work in action. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d7iYZPp2zYY

Sunday, April 15, 2012

Explosives


At first I thought explosives were just used for fireworks and in the military, but explosives are more complex then you think. The laws of thermodynamics, endo- and exothermic reactions and enthalpy help to create explosives. The law of thermodynamics is energy that cannot be created or destroyed, specifically heat and heat capacity. Endothermic reactions is when heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings. Exothermic reactions is when heat is released by the system into the surrounding. Enthalpy is the heat flow and the internal energy of the reaction.

Explosive Engineers uses thermodynamics, endothermic, exothermic reactions, and entrapy in order to design the explosives. When designing explosives, the engineers want to produce rock fragments of a certain size and low vibration levels. Explosives are made by detonating which means to explode on contact. According to the this link
http://www.explosives.org/index.php/component/content/article?id=71 detonation is a fast chemical reaction that uses oxygen in the material, instead of in the air, to explode. When the reaction happens gases are released and expands. Energy is also released when the reaction becomes hot like an exothermic reaction. After an explosive goes off, the engineers then uses enthalpy in order to see what can be changed about the explosive. Then the engineers will try again until they get the perfect size of rock fragments and low vibration levels.

Monday, April 2, 2012

GE Power & Water Uses Titration






In my chemistry class we have been going over titration. I really hadn't heard of titration until now. I have learned that titration is an analytical technique in which one can calculate the concentration of a solute in a solution. An example is you have 15.0 mL of HCl neutralized by 25.0 mL of 0.75M NaOH. What was the concentration of the HCL?
.025 L NaOH/1 x .75 mol NaOH/1 L NaOH x 1 mol HCl/ 1 mol HCl = .01875 mol HCl

.01875 mol HCl/.015 L = 1.25 M HCl

The concentration of the HCl is 1.25 M.
Here is a link to a video that will demonstrate a titration calculation similar to the one that is here. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BllRQAc76Y0

GE Power & Water Company use titration calculations in their research to clean water.  They work closely with water plants to analyze wastewater by using titration, which is easier to use then other methods. Here is a link to a website that explains more about titrations being used in GE. http://www.gewater.com/handbook/control_water_analyses/ch_39_analyticalmethods.jsp
Water and Wastewater Treatment Chemicals